马克斯卡努站是玛雅列车铁路基础设施网络的一部分，位于第三标段。该标段覆盖墨西哥尤卡坦半岛，共包含六座车站和两处停靠点。项目位于坎佩切站与乌曼停靠点之间，沿联邦180号公路，距梅里达以西约65公里。设计被构想为一个过渡性空间，为访客提供沉思与休憩的场所。项目旨在将等待的停顿转化为与自然、光线以及受邻近殖民城镇启发的陶土色调建立联系的片刻体验。

Maxcanú Station is part of the railway infrastructure network of the Maya Train, located in Section Three, which includes six stations and two stops across the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Situated between the Campeche Station and the Umán Stop, approximately 65 kilometers west of Mérida along Federal Highway 180, the project is conceived as a transitional space that offers visitors a place for contemplation and rest. The design aims to transform the pause of waiting into a moment of respite and connection with nature, light, and the terracotta tones inspired by the nearby colonial town.

▼建筑外观概览，Building exterior overview © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

建筑被构想为一个开放的弧形体量，无论身处室内何处，都能够持续与外部环境保持视觉联系。其形态捕捉来自东方的阳光，并向西侧收拢，以控制日照辐射。在这一前提下，对场地环境的尊重被确立为首要设计原则，从而生成回应环境条件的建筑。

The building is conceived as an open, curved volume that maintains constant visual contact with the exterior from any point inside. This form captures sunlight from the east and closes toward the west to control solar incidence. Under this premise, respect for context was established as the main guiding principle, generating architecture that responds to environmental conditions.

▼弧形立面，Curved facade © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

穿堂风作为一项重要的被动式策略发挥作用。立面支架系统除了界定入口并引导流线之外，还形成层叠构造，作为遮阳装置使用，从而显著降低室内温度。这一解决方案令人联想到帕伦克遗址，其柱列系统支撑着主要平台，并允许人们从任意方向进入。浅基础采用以连续钢筋混凝土条形基础适应地下溶洞地貌。在其上方，轻型钢结构支撑预制屋面板；主要墙体则采用钢筋砌体结构，并辅以混凝土柱、梁及圈梁体系。外露的梁拱体系完成了夹层空间的建造，确保建筑保持简洁、开放且易于维护的特征。立面支架除了组织流线之外，还形成更深层次的遮阳效果，并隐藏结构构件，创造出界定整体视觉形象的构图节奏。项目的材料色彩体系由四种色调构成，并形成均衡的视觉关系：胭脂虫红色墙体与支架、温暖色调的木门、黑色金属结构以及灰色清水混凝土拱顶。

Cross ventilation functions as an essential passive strategy. The design of façade brackets, in addition to framing entrances and guiding circulation, creates a layered system that acts as sunshades, dramatically reducing indoor temperature. This solution recalls the ruins of Palenque, where column systems supported main platforms and allowed entry from any direction. A shallow foundation with continuous reinforced concrete footings was used to adapt to the cavernous terrain. Above these, a lightweight steel structure supports prefabricated roof panels, while the main walls were built in reinforced masonry with concrete columns, beams, and ring beams. An exposed beam-and-vault system completes the mezzanine construction, ensuring a clean, open, and low-maintenance architecture. The façade brackets, beyond organizing circulation, create deeper shading and conceal the structure, generating a compositional rhythm that defines the ensemble’s visual identity. The material palette consists of four tones in perfect visual balance: cochineal red walls and brackets, the warm hue of wooden doors, the black metal structure, and the gray of exposed concrete vaults.

▼建筑立面与入口，Building facade and entrance © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

建筑群北侧设置了一座半荒漠景观花园，其灵感来源于玛雅庭院——这一空间是前西班牙时期建筑中用于降温与通风的重要元素。花园的有机形态则抽象自前西班牙时期壁画艺术，其中曲线与螺旋常被用来象征自然。

A semi-desert contemplative garden is integrated to the north of the complex, inspired by the Mayan courtyard, a fundamental element in pre-Hispanic architecture for cooling and ventilation. Its organic shape is abstracted from pre-Hispanic mural art, where curves and spirals were used to represent nature.

▼半荒漠景观花园，Semi-desert contemplative garden © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

▼花园一角，A corner of the garden © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

▼室内看向花园，Interior viewing towards the garden © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

项目还采用了胭脂虫红这一颜料，它是原住民文化的重要色彩，并出现在马克斯卡努当地教堂的立面之上。
＊胭脂虫红（又称洋红色、卡红）是一种浓烈的天然染料，由寄生于仙人掌上的雌性胭脂虫（Dactylopius coccus）干燥后提取而成。

The project also features the use of cochineal red, a pigment characteristic of Indigenous cultures and present on the façade of Maxcanú’s own church.
*The cochineal red, or carmine, is an intense natural dye extracted from the dried bodies of female cochineal insects (Dactylopius coccus), which feed on cacti.

▼胭脂虫红立面，Cochineal red facade © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

▼立面近景，Facade close view © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

建筑功能围绕一个中央空间组织展开，该空间承担整体分配与联系作用，并与区域景观、光线及气候温度建立联系。车站包括1,690平方米的大厅、庭院、入口、售票处、卫生间及服务空间；1,600平方米的候车与登车区域；超过1,000平方米的运营空间、办公区和设备机房；以及130平方米的商业空间。这些商业空间完全向候车大厅开放，但朝向站台的一侧则进行封闭处理。

The program is organized around a central space that distributes the ensemble and establishes a connection with the region’s landscape, light, and warmth. The station comprises 1,690 m² of lobbies, courtyards, entrances, ticket offices, restrooms, and service areas; 1,600 m² of boarding zones; over 1,000 m² of operational areas, offices, and technical rooms; and 130 m² of commercial premises, completely open to the waiting halls but enclosed toward the platforms.

▼通高公共空间，Double-height public space © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

候车与登车区域是设计的核心特色，并配有两种受当地纺织图案启发的预制混凝土格栅系统。在候车大厅内，格栅较为通透，以获得更好的采光与通风；而在站台区域，格栅则更加密实，以提供更多遮阴。两种格栅共同营造出光影交错的效果，唤起人们置身于玛雅丛林绿色树冠之下的感受。材料选择聚焦于区域性且经济高效的资源，以塑造克制而具有永恒感的建筑表达。采用胭脂虫红色调的抹灰混凝土墙体，以及来自当地的热带木材旋转门，共同营造出平静而安宁的室内氛围。整个建造过程持续了36个月。在施工期间，由于不断发现考古遗址和天然井，设计必须随着建设同步调整。这一过程凸显了与墨西哥国家人类学与历史研究所（INAH）、环境部，以及负责实施建设的墨西哥国防部（SEDENA）和墨西哥政府之间协作的重要性。项目确保对丛林环境、石灰岩地貌及地下结构的充分尊重。项目建设过程中采用A级基础设施标准，满足当地全部抗震、沉降及风荷载要求，获得结构安全认证，并遵循常规监督审查程序。

The boarding and waiting areas are the design’s main features, accompanied by two types of prefabricated concrete lattices inspired by regional textile patterns. In the waiting halls, the latticework is open to allow better lighting and airflow, while at the platforms, it becomes denser to provide more shade. Both types create a play of light and shadow, evoking the sensation of standing beneath the green canopy of the Maya jungle. The material selection focused on regional and cost-effective resources that convey a sober and timeless architectural expression. The plastered concrete walls in cochineal red tone and the tropical wood pivot doors from the region create an interior atmosphere of calm and serenity. The construction process lasted 36 months and was marked by continuous adaptation due to the discovery of archaeological remains and cenotes, which required designing as building progressed. This underscored the importance of collaboration with the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) and the Ministry of Environment, alongside SEDENA and the Government of Mexico, which executed the development. The project ensured respect for the jungle context, limestone terrain, and subterranean structures. The process involved building Category A infrastructure, meeting all seismic, subsidence, and wind load requirements for the region, obtaining structural safety certification, and following regular supervision protocols.

▼连续立面开口，Continuous facade openings © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

▼立面开口关闭时，Facade when openings are closed © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

▼格栅界面开启与关闭，Lattice facade open/closed © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

▼立面局部，Facade partial view © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

▼铁路站台，Railway platform © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

▼遮阳廊道，Shaded platform walkway © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

项目基地直接连接梅里达—坎佩切绕城公路，并与当地机动三轮出租车和公共接驳交通网络相衔接，访客可在数分钟内抵达镇中心。与此同时，项目还实施了一系列可持续交通策略，包括通往马克斯卡努的自行车道、触觉与视觉导向系统、无障碍停车位，以及供残障人士使用的上下客区域。景观设计包含棕榈树、本地灌木以及遍布停车场、庭院和广场的金链花树。这种树木原产于南亚，于殖民时期被引入当地。其鲜艳的黄色花朵能够良好适应尤卡坦气候。在尤卡坦文化中，它不仅因其美丽而受到喜爱，也因其顽强生命力以及在逆境中开花的能力而成为希望与坚韧的象征。车站与马克斯卡努镇的环境背景紧密相连。该镇拥有超过21,000名居民，以凉薯种植、当地教堂、三十字隐修院（Ermita de las Tres Cruces）、奥什金托克考古遗址（Oxkintok）以及周边洞穴而闻名。项目每日可容纳超过10,000名访客，通过营造半开放、低维护空间，在提升使用体验的同时不干扰社区日常运行。

The site’s location, directly connected to the Mérida–Campeche bypass, allows integration with local mototaxi and collective transport routes that link visitors to the town center within minutes. In parallel, sustainable mobility strategies were implemented, including bike paths to Maxcanú, tactile-visual signage, accessible parking, and pick-up/drop-off areas for people with disabilities. The landscaping includes palm trees, regional shrubs, and Golden Shower trees (Cassia fistula) planted throughout the parking lots, courtyards, and plazas. The bright yellow flower of this tree, introduced during the colonial period and native to South Asia, adapted perfectly to Yucatán’s climate. In Yucatecan culture, it is appreciated not only for its beauty but also for its resilience and ability to bloom under adverse conditions, symbolizing hope and endurance. The station is closely connected to the context of Maxcanú, a town of over 21,000 inhabitants known for its jícama production, church, and Ermita de las Tres Cruces, as well as the Oxkintok archaeological site and nearby caves. With the capacity to accommodate more than 10,000 daily visitors, the project generates semi-open, low-maintenance spaces that enhance user experience without disrupting community dynamics.

▼自动扶梯空间，Escalator hall © Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA

总体而言，马克斯卡努站区别于其他玛雅列车车站之处，在于其始终与自然环境和文化背景保持深刻对话。项目既不掩饰自身结构，也不破坏天然井密布的地貌；通过减少树木砍伐，并采用植被补偿、雨水收集及透水材料等策略，同时尊重塑造其建造过程的考古遗存。项目最大的成就在于以尊重的姿态融入马克斯卡努及尤卡坦的景观环境，在提供大型基础设施的同时，始终保持与场地环境的一致性，并通过面向旅客与当地居民共同设计的建筑，为社区发展作出贡献。

Overall, Maxcanú Station distinguishes itself from other Maya Train stations by maintaining a deep dialogue with its natural and cultural surroundings. It neither conceals its structure nor damages the cenote-rich terrain; it minimizes tree felling and compensates through vegetation, water collection, and permeable materials, while respecting the archaeological remains that shaped its execution. Its greatest achievement lies in integrating respectfully into the landscape of Maxcanú and Yucatán, delivering large-scale infrastructure that remains coherent with its setting and contributes to community development through architecture designed for both travelers and locals alike.

▼总平面图，Site Plan © GI21

▼首层平面图，Ground Floor Plan © GI21

▼剖面图，Sections © GI21

Architecture: GI21
Location: Maxcanú, Yucatán, México
Dimension: 6461.30 m2
Structure: DICS, Ing. Hector Alfonso Villaseñor Jimenez
Engineering: Ing. Arq. Griselda Isabel Nájera García
Landscape: Arq. Ignacio Graf Noriega
Cliente: FONATUR Tren Maya
Year: 2024
Photo: Pavelín and Oscar Hernández OHFA